Qualitative data collection provides rich, contextual insights into food insecurity by capturing community perspectives, lived experiences, and social dynamics. It complements quantitative methods and supports evidence-based decision-making by uncovering the underlying causes and coping strategies of affected populations.
Purpose of Qualitative Data Collection
Explore drivers of food insecurity from the community’s perspective
Understand coping strategies, livelihood changes, and social vulnerabilities
Capture perceptions of food access, availability, and utilization
Complement targeting, programme design, and policy recommendations
Key Methods of Qualitative Data Collection
Qualitative Interview: A one-on-one method for collecting in-depth information from individuals. Includes both Key Informant Interviews (KIIs) and In-depth Interviews
Typically conducted face-to-face in a quiet, private location (can also be remote)
Duration: 45–90 minutes
May include a notetaker and/or interpreter
Focus Group Discussion (FGD): A moderated group discussion with 6–12 participants to explore shared experiences and perceptions.
Follows a semi-structured format using a question guide
Duration: 1–2 hours
Encourages interaction and debate among participants
Useful for exploring common views, group dynamics, and specific population groups
Key Informant Interviews (KIIs): KIIs are one-on-one interviews with individuals who possess specialized knowledge about the community or context.
Conducted face-to-face or remotely in a quiet, private setting
Duration: 45–90 minutes
May include a notetaker and/or interpreter
Ideal for gathering expert insights on health, nutrition, local food systems, market dynamics, displacement, or social structures
Observation
Systematic recording of behaviors, settings, and events as they occur.
Does not involve direct questioning
Can be structured (using checklists or forms) or unstructured
Should complement all other qualitative methods
Observations must be documented for later analysis
Best Practices
Use a predefined qualitative data collection plan aligned with assessment objectives
Select diverse and representative participants based on gender, livelihood, and vulnerability
Train facilitators to ensure neutrality, cultural sensitivity, and ethical engagement
Ensure informed consent and confidentiality throughout the process
Complement interviews and FGDs with direct observation whenever possible
Resources
Special guidance for qualitative data collection with minors
For more WFP internal resources on Qualitative Data Collection, please refer to the Monitoring Handbook
For more information, please contact the Assessments and Targeting Unit in HQ VAM at global.assessmentandtargeting@wfp.org.